一，配置
apue.h是作者自己写的一个文件，包含了常用的头文件，系统不自带。其中包含了常用的头文件，以及出错处理函数的定义。使用起来确实很方便。
想要使用，还要进行下面操作，完成相关配置.
在http://www.apuebook.com/下载src.tar.gz源代码的压缩包。
1、解压至/home/user/目录下
2、修改 Make.defines.linux中的WKDIR=/home/xxx/apue.2e，为WKDIR=/home/user/apue.2e
3、返回至apue.2e目录下面，修改linux.mk，将里面的nawk全部改为awk，可以使用这个命令 ：%s/nawk/awk/g
4、make
5、将/home/user/apue.2e/include/apue.h和/home/user/apue.2e/lib/error.c复制到/usr/include目录下
二，要拷贝的apue.h和error.c文件如下：（可以直接复制并拷贝到/usr/include下）
apue.h （添加了一行 #include <error.c>）
/* Our own header, to be included before all standard system headers */#ifndef _APUE_H#define _APUE_H#if defined(SOLARIS)#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 for Solaris 9 */#define CMSG_LEN(x) _CMSG_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)+(x))#elif !defined(BSD)#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */#endif#includeerror.c/* some systems still require this */#include #include /* for winsize */#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ#include #endif#include /* for convenience */#include /* for convenience */#include /* for offsetof */#include /* for convenience */#include /* for convenience */#include /* for SIG_ERR */#define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length *//* * Default file access permissions for new files. */#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)/* * Default permissions for new directories. */#define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)#endif#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))/* * Prototypes for our own functions. */char *path_alloc(int *); /* {Prog pathalloc} */long open_max(void); /* {Prog openmax} */void clr_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */void set_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */void pr_exit(int); /* {Prog prexit} */void pr_mask(const char *); /* {Prog prmask} */Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* {Prog signal_intr_function} */int tty_cbreak(int); /* {Prog raw} */int tty_raw(int); /* {Prog raw} */int tty_reset(int); /* {Prog raw} */void tty_atexit(void); /* {Prog raw} */#ifdef ECHO /* only if has been included */struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* {Prog raw} */#endifvoid sleep_us(unsigned int); /* {Ex sleepus} */ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */void daemonize(const char *); /* {Prog daemoninit} */int s_pipe(int *); /* {Progs streams_spipe sock_spipe} */int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int, const void *, size_t));/* {Progs recvfd_streams recvfd_sockets} */int send_fd(int, int); /* {Progs sendfd_streams sendfd_sockets} */int send_err(int, int, const char *); /* {Prog senderr} */int serv_listen(const char *); /* {Progs servlisten_streams servlisten_sockets} */int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* {Progs servaccept_streams servaccept_sockets} */int cli_conn(const char *); /* {Progs cliconn_streams cliconn_sockets} */int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int, char **)); /* {Prog bufargs} */int ptym_open(char *, int); /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */int ptys_open(char *); /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */#ifdef TIOCGWINSZpid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *, const struct winsize *); /* {Prog ptyfork} */#endifint lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \ lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog locktest} */#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \ (lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \ (lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)void err_dump(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */void err_msg(const char *, ...);void err_quit(const char *, ...);void err_exit(int, const char *, ...);void err_ret(const char *, ...);void err_sys(const char *, ...);void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */void log_open(const char *, int, int);void log_quit(const char *, ...);void log_ret(const char *, ...);void log_sys(const char *, ...);void TELL_WAIT(void); /* parent/child from {Sec race_conditions} */void TELL_PARENT(pid_t);void TELL_CHILD(pid_t);void WAIT_PARENT(void);void WAIT_CHILD(void);#include "error.c" #endif /* _APUE_H */
#include "apue.h"#include三，示例：/* for definition of errno */#include /* ISO C variable aruments */static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);/* * Nonfatal error related to a system call. * Print a message and return. */voiderr_ret(const char *fmt, ...){ va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap);}/* * Fatal error related to a system call. * Print a message and terminate. */voiderr_sys(const char *fmt, ...){ va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1);}/* * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. * Error code passed as explict parameter. * Print a message and terminate. */voiderr_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...){ va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1);}/* * Fatal error related to a system call. * Print a message, dump core, and terminate. */voiderr_dump(const char *fmt, ...){ va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); abort(); /* dump core and terminate */ exit(1); /* shouldn't get here */}/* * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call. * Print a message and return. */voiderr_msg(const char *fmt, ...){ va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap); va_end(ap);}/* * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. * Print a message and terminate. */voiderr_quit(const char *fmt, ...){ va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1);}/* * Print a message and return to caller. * Caller specifies "errnoflag". */static voiderr_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap){ char buf[MAXLINE]; vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap); if (errnoflag) snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ": %s", strerror(error)); strcat(buf, "\n"); fflush(stdout); /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */ fputs(buf, stderr); fflush(NULL); /* flushes all stdio output streams */}
#include#include int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ DIR *dp; struct dirent *dirp; if(argc!=2) { printf("Usage: ls directory_name\n"); return -1; } if((dp=opendir(argv[1]))==NULL) printf("can't open %s\n", argv[1]); while((dirp = readdir(dp))!=NULL) printf("%s\n", dirp->d_name); closedir(dp); return 0;}